Comparison of Editonals Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparison of Editonals - Research Paper Example However, up to the end of the entire article, this desire is not brought out clearly as being achievable. It is stated that the elimination of Osama may, to a great extent, fail to end the terrorist threat or even weaken the ideological motivation held by the Al Qaeda’s supporters. The strongest argument found within the article states that in the future, the death of Osama Bin Laden may bring much encouragement to the Al Qaeda. The argument points out that more threats shall come from the local affiliates which had already been designed to operate largely independently to organize attacks on America and other places (Clarke, 2011). Their network no longer required Osama and it had been strong with minimal or no directions from Bin Laden for many years. This directs us to a conclusion that the death of Osama Bin Laden did not bring much impact to the Al Qaeda network and that they are more likely to accomplish their goals. The second article points out the life of Osama Bin Laden as a sacrificial life. He is depicted as a leader of a certain sect in the Muslim religion who gave up his luxury life to fight a holy war (Soufan, 2011). Besides being the leader and the founder of the Al Qaeda group, Bin Laden had also been an idea to them. He organized the terrorism idea which according to the Al Qaeda had appeared the correct version for Islam (Lüsted, 2012). This article has its premises that the death of Osama would be championed. It would be welcomed and celebrated as martyrdom while songs and videos were to be composed. The Al Qaeda would consider him a more effective propaganda tool when dead than while alive. This argument does not come into line with the conclusion. At the end, the article brings into light the suffering of the Al Qaeda after the elimination of its leader. The group no longer had its best fund-raiser and recruiter. Its new leaders lacked charisma and good connections. This come s out as the best argument in the article since it

Shakespeare a modern genius. Essay Example for Free

Shakespeare a modern genius. Essay William Shakespeare is considered to be the greatest playwright of all time. What Shakespeare did was to communicate his own words in a brilliant way. He created comedy, history, tragedy and poetry that were extremely amazing. The vast majority of scholars consider Shakespeare a modern genius. Surely he was just that. No other writer’s plays have been produced so many times or read so widely in so many countries as his History articles show William Shakespeare born on my birthday April 23, 1564. He became an alderman and bailiff in Stratford-upon-Avon, and Shakespeare was baptized in the town on April 26, 1564. At age 18, Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway, and the couple had a daughter in 1583 and twins in 1585. Shakespeare’s works of imagination were based on historical figures. Shakespeare was a keen reader of history and was always looking for the dramatic impact of historical characters and events he read. Richard III as an evil man, a kind of psychopath with a deformed body and a grudge against humanity. Historians can do whatever they like to set the record straight but Shakespeare’s Richard seems stuck in our culture as the real Richard III. Henry V, and Prince Hal, is in our minds as the perfect model of kingship. That is because that’s the way Shakespeare chose to present them in the themes he wanted to develop and the dramatic story he wanted to tell. The understanding of medieval history being shown through the rulers of this period is because of Shakespeare. We have adapted ourselves to Shakespeare’s vision. There have been some disputes over who wrote Shakespeares work but there no true evidence that he didnt. He was an actor as well as an excellent. Shakespeare’s tragedy is a tragic play either written by or in the style of William Shakespeare. Shakespeare plays usually involve murders or deaths, and a terrible ending for the main character. Shakespeare’s tragedies share some common features such as a hero with a fatal flaw that leads to his downfall. And the tragedies often focus on the fall of a nobleman. Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth are examples of tragedies. Shakespeare communicated his comedy through language and his comedy plays were created with clever word play, metaphors, and insults. William Shakespeare wrote 154 Sonnets mostly in the 1590s. Fairly short poems, they deal with issues such as lost love. His sonnets have an appeal due to his characteristic skill with language and words. â€Å"Let me not to the marriage of true minds Admit impediments. Love is not love Which alters when it alteration finds, Or bends with the remover to remove:† Shakespeare also understands deceit as he incorporated it into Much Ado About Nothing (Shakespeare, William). Contrary to love and deceit, Shakespeare uses comedy as the third and final element of the play. Comedy is what gives Much Ado About Nothing its cheerful happiness and wit that gives this play its recognition. Shakespeare had many happy experiences in his life due to his great success in being a playwright. His success started with him becoming the top writer of The Chamberlains Men, which would later be renamed The Kings Men. This led to his great career of writing which brought him fame and fortune, causing him to live and die a happy man. The happiness and clever wit is described like, Merry as the day is long. (Shakespeare). All throughout this play, there is constantly a tone of Comedy although interrupted by scenes of deceitful hate. This is very similar to the life of William Shakespeare, and it clearly the reason that he writes in the style he does. All in all, Shakespeares ability as a Comedic writer is very well spoken for and is the reason that he wrote this play. The elements used in this play as they have happened in Shakespeares life are established in the relationships of the characters of the play. Benedict and Beatrice, throughout the entire beginning of the play, display love, deceit, and comedy. Beatrice finds all men to be repulsive, not in the physical sense, but in the psychological sense. Benedict does not like her attitude and does everything he can to spite her. Through all this, they both love each other, but both are as stubborn and hard headed as each other so it is impossible for either one to know this. At a costume party, Benedict tricks Beatrice into thinking he is someone else by wearing a costume and disguising his voice by talking with a different accent. Beatrice, not being aware of this, talks badly about Benedict to whom she thinks is a stranger. Afterwards, Benedict is furious about her statements and complains to the prince, so everyone else conspires to get them together. They do this by letting them individually overhear talk of each other loving one another. When they hear this, they are both very happy and end up telling each other their true feelings resulting in them getting married at the end of the play. â€Å"The purpose of telling the story of Benedict and Beatrice is that their dialogue and actions resemble the tones and elements of the play; therefore they greatly contribute to what I am proving† (Shakespeare). Finally, the elements used in Much Ado About Nothing directly coincide with the events of Shakespeares life. The style that he uses comes from his life from birth to death. In this, it is obvious that Shakespeare experienced love in all its aspects, he experienced deceit in a way, but more minor than others, and also he experienced comedy from all the happy times he had in his life as do these experiences in the play. The personality of William Shakespeare is one of the most interesting for discussion, because people are not sure about his existence and fascinated with his mind. It is really strange that one could write such masterpieces on different topics, revealing various social and philosophical problems so many years ago. One of the most famous Shakespearean lines—â€Å"To be or not to be, that is the question†(Shakespeare) is found in Hamlet, spoken by the title character himself. While this is the most obvious reference that Hamlet makes to his own philosophy, Hamlet makes frequent proclamations about his philosophy of life. Hamlet’s philosophy touches not only on the subject of love, but also about loyalty, family, and the virtue of suffering, among other themes. Hamlet’s philosophy is particular to his own strange obsessions, and helps explain the fates of the characters in the play. Because Hamlet has been disillusioned about love by his mother’s actions, he rejects the possibility that romantic love is an important part of human relationships. He is consumed by the outrageousness of his mother’s love for his uncle, and he rejects Ophelia’s love for him, though he admitted once to loving her. Although Hamlet is justified to feel disgust towards his mother and her actions, his pessimistic view of love has dreadful implications, not just for him, but for other characters as well. For this essay on Hamlet, you might want to take a character analysis approach to Hamlet with this theme as your guide or thesis statement. Any of Shakespeare’s plays involve transgressions that violate social taboos. Hamlet is no exception. In this play, numerous social norms are violated; however, the most powerful taboo is that of incest. Hamlet is outraged when his mother marries his uncle shortly after the death of his father, and his mother’s action causes him to lose faith in love. Although the incest taboo may seem grotesque, Shakespeare puts his characters in such dynamic tension and outrageous situations in order to make profound observations about the nature of both familial and romantic love. Claudius could hardly be considered to be a model of upright behavior and insight; given that he seduces Gertrude while the grief over her husband’s death is still fresh. While he is obviously advancing his own motives, his speech to Hamlet about â€Å"unmanly grief†(Shakespeare) is oddly compelling. Claudius takes the view that all men die; all men lose their fathers. They enter a period of appropriate grief and then move on. Because Hamlet is not conforming to this norm, Claudius suggests that Hamlet’s grief is not only unhealthy, but also unmanly. A close reading of the play supports Claudius’s observation. Although Claudius is certainly not free from reproach, Hamlet’s obsessional grief is not praiseworthy either. William Shakespeare is declared and worshiped as one of the most influential writers of English literature. Shakespeare has in many ways touched the lives of thousands upon thousands of readers throughout time. In addition to introducing new techniques and methods of writing, Shakespeare has had a major impact on both his society as well as our modern society through all his numerous contributions such as historical literature, positive social presence, and again his wonderful new attributes in writing style. Historians often refer to Shakespeare as â€Å"one of history’s most dramatic poets. † In the same breath many scholars would refer to Shakespeare as also being the greatest English playwright in all of history by being â€Å"simple and sentimental and communicating fine moral shades through out his work†(Fowler 72). â€Å"Of William Shakespeare (1564-1616), in the biographical sense, we know both too much and too little. The numerous investigators have been amazed by the quantity of information, most of which is utterly useless and irrelevant† (Sampson 214). William Shakespeare essentially began his luxurious career in literature as a suffering actor in the city of Stratford-on-Avon. This is where is all began for the genius we all know and is called Shakespeare. Works Cited Fowler, Will. Shakespeare: His Life and Plays. Harlow: Pearson Education, 2001. Print. Hamlet Character Analysis. About. com Shakespeare. N. p. , n. d. Web. 24 Nov. 2013. Shakespeare Sonnet 116 Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds. Shakespeare Sonnet 116 Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds. N. p. , n. d. Web. 24 Nov. 2013. Shakespeare: His Life And Plays. Goodreads. N. p. , n. d. Web. 24 Nov. 2013. â€Å"Shakespeare† William, and George Sampson. Hamlet. London: Christophers, 1925. Print. SparkNotes. SparkNotes, n. d. Web. 24 Nov. 2013.

The Element Iron :: Chemistry Essay

Iron comes from the Latin word ferrum. From ferrum its symbol became Fe. The atomic number of iron is 26, and its atomic weight is 55.845. Iron is a magnetic, bendable, shiny white metallic element. Pure iron has a hardness that ranges from 4 to 5. It is soft and ductile. Iron can be easily magnetized at ordinary temperatures and at 790Â °C the magnetic property disappears. Pure iron melts at about 1535Â °C, boils at 2750Â °C, and has a specific gravity of 7.86. Chemically, iron is an active metal. When exposed to humid air, iron forms a reddish-brown, flaky, decay known as rust. Iron is the fourth most abundant element in the Earth’s crust. Because it is so common, iron has been used by human society for thousands of years. Iron was known and used for weapons in prehistoric ages, the earliest example still in existence; a group of rusty iron beads found in Egypt, dates from about 4000BC. This period in history was given the name Iron Age because it was the time when people found ways to get iron and to use it for building tools and weapons. The beginnings of modern processing of iron can be traced back to central Europe in the mid-14th century BC. Pure iron has limited use in today’s world. Commercial iron always contains small amounts of carbon and other impurities that change its physical properties, which are much improved by the further addition of carbon and other alloying elements. This helps to prevent oxidation, also known as rust. Iron is an essential part of a healthy diet. Iron compounds are employed for medicinal purposes in the treatment of anemia, when the amount of hemoglobin or the number of red blood corpuscles in the blood is lowered.

Segregation: The Processes of Inclusion and Exclusion Essay -- Sociolo

Race is an ambiguous concept possessed by individuals, and according to sociologists Michael Omi and Howard Winant, it is socially constructed. Race divides people into categories which causes needless cultural and social tensions. The concept of race also causes inclusion, exclusion, and segregation in U.S society. Both inclusion and exclusion tie together to create the overall process of segregation — one notion cannot occur without resulting in the others. Segregation is a form of separation in terms of race that includes the processes of inclusion and exclusion. Race was the main factor that caused conflicts among people in society in the realms of culture, education, and residential. Historians, sociologists, and other educators such as Macias, Kelley, Menchaca, Valencia, and Sugrue have researched the issue of segregation, how people use it to include and exclude others, as well as the consequences that followed. In the U.S society, Whites have fought to prevent interactions between them and Blacks throughout the centuries. One method of segregation that included inclusion and exclusion was through public housing — Whites reinforced means to drive Blacks out of their neighborhoods. In Thomas J. Sugrue's article, "Crabgrass-Roots Politics: Race, Rights, and the Reaction against Liberalism in the Urban North, 1940-1964," he addressed this issue of segregation in public housing for African-Americans. Whites in Detroit, Michigan were preventing the black population from "invading their enclaves." (65) The city of Detroit attracted many African-American migrants after World War II and those who sought upward mobility wanted better housing in primarily white sections of the city. Therefore racial tensions and segr... ... when people wanted to mix despite their races, authorities prevented them because of their races. Segregation with its processes of inclusion and exclusion existed in the cultural sphere even when people wanted to mix despite their races, but authorities prevented them because of that. People's beliefs in the superior and inferior races led to segregation that included and excluded people in U.S society. People disassociate with others because they have dissimilar interests and they look different. Races are biologically and genetically vary by nature but the activity of people physically distancing themselves because of their differences is what causes conflicts. When people engage in inclusion and exclusion in the process of segregation, that is when conflicts arise among them. It is when people start to believe in the superior races versus the inferior ones.

Online Recruitment

According to BusineeDictionary. com, â€Å"Human Resource Management includes activities such as human resources planning, recruitment, selection, orientation, training, appraisal, motivation and remuneration. It aims at developing people through work. † In human resource management, recruitment is one of the most important processes in an organisation. According to BusinessDictionary. com, â€Å"recruitment is a course of action of discovering and employing best eligible applicant, whether external or internal organisation, for a job position in a most suitable and cost effective way. There are different types of job recruitment, such as online recruitment and advertisement recruitment. In the 21st century, many of the organisations using online recruitment to search the best candidate for company, as the internet have transformed job hunting and recruitment. There are few types of online recruitment. One of the methods is professional websites. Example of professional websi te is www. shrm. org, where some candidates who are searching for human resources job go into that site. They have specific professions, skills and not general in nature. The second type is employer website. It can be developed by different employers or can be company own website. One example is www. directemployers. com, which is the first supportive, company owned online recruitment set up by Direct Employers Association. The last type is job board. Job seekers become aware of the vacancies where the recruiters post jobs and search for candidates. Example of job board is www. jobstreet. com. (Gosh, nd) In fact, there are still many other methods of online recruitment. Online recruitment has advantages and disadvantages in helping organisation for recruitment and selection. It has made more efficient on the employment process for every large and small organisation. For those companies who are still using paper applications have practised to use internet for important sections of the hiring process. The first benefit would be the reduce time for hiring. Online recruitment, is also called e-recruitment has enable a manager to have an immediate real-time communication and for everyday and every hour in job search activity. For example, a manager can post a vacancy in a very short time on a career site such as jobstreet. com without imitation. He or she can receive resumes in response immediately. In online job advertisement, the posting normally stays in available status for as long as one month and keeps on to receive candidates’ resumes as job seekers come across it. As compared with the traditional practises, job advertisement in newspaper or journal may take about one week or later but not only for one day. Therefore, employer has to wait till t he end of month to receive the responses by applicants, especially for those who need immediate vacancy and special areas industry. Bayt. com, 2009) According to Bayt. com, hiring in e-recruitment gives 70% faster than traditional recruitment practises, and the cycle of recruiting is speeded up at every process of posting, which is to receive applicant’s resumes and filter the information and call for interview. The second benefit of e-recruitment is cost effective. We need money to advertise the job vacancy in newspaper or journal, and this is not cheap for the advertisement. While the online posting is much cheaper as compared with traditional practises. According to bayt. com, the company post online to a job site such as www. bayt. com would be charged only USD250, which would be more cost-saving than the cost of job advertisement in newspaper or journal publication or the 30% of annual incomes that many personnel managers charge. Bayt. com shows a study that the costs of posting vacancy and searching for candidates on job vacancies can be up to 90% lower than the costs of adapting traditional search agencies and advertising practises. (Bayt. com, 2009) Third benefit is wider reach for manager. The information of traditional practises are normally restricted by industry, geography, career lever or other limitations while the e-recruitment can have recent and active talent databases that cover all industries, regions, and career levels. The company spent much to make sure the databases are varied, regular updated, relevant and best quality as they need to keep advertising in newspaper for changing, updating information. However, e-recruitment teams can ensure that the portals are always easily viewed by relevant applicants and are visited by the target job seekers which can easily reach to the manager. Bayt. com, 2009) Next benefit would be the wider reach for applicants. The candidates gain benefits from the wider span through internet job sites. With the click of a mouse, they are able to access different types of jobs in different companies, locations and even salaries. They can reach the company faster as they are easily contacted for interview opportunities by just send ing their resumes online. (Bayt. com, 2009) E-recruitment offers some screening or filtering tools which enable recruiters to immediately work on the right applicant using many categories on a site such as jobstreet. om, which including locations of residence, qualifications, education backgrounds, skills and past experience and employer. The process of e-recruiting and selecting good quality applicants is very efficient. This technology works by automated search engine which is set up to find the databases. For example employer can key in some of the requirements then the result would match with the candidates’ resumes. (Bayt. com. 2009) In online recruitment, company usually would set up a page like company profile or history for the candidates to view on it. Through this, employers can use this to create company brand and values to prospective job seekers. Therefore, applicants would make decision on applying that job as they have an idea about company they work for. (Bayt. com, 2009) Furthermore, through internet, recruiter can manage whole recruitment process from one mean, which enable recruiter to advertise vacancies, receive resumes, screen, contact applicants, track activities in internet. Therefore, the paper work is reduced. On the other side, the job seekers can also view their application progress at every step of recruitment process. This enhanced user experience for both job seekers and recruiters. In addition, both job seekers and recruiters can opt to maintain their confidentiality. For example, applicants can post their resumes online while keeping their names and current company’s name privately. Same thing to recruiters, they can choose to search databases without posting a job position if the vacancy nature is sensitive, and they can post a job vacancy while keeping their company name privately. Employers can also build up database, save high potential or attractive resumes from present applicants for future use. Bayt. com, 2009) Moreover, the manager has full control over the recruitment process through online recruitment, which enables direct contact with candidates which does not need a middle person to do the selection, filtering, and assessment. (Bayt. com, 2009) This is because recruiter can choose the best candidate through their details in resume and match with the position, which does not n eed so much of red tape. E-recruitment has brought so many benefits to organisations, as well as job seekers. Apart from its benefit, e-recruitment has quite a few drawbacks to the organisations. First of all, e-recruitment benefits for only applicants who knew internet knowledge. The process is limited to those computer savvy applicants. For those who know the use of internet, they have no problem to search different job websites, do screening, keywords, updating information. Therefore, it brings no benefit for those who do not know to use online job site. (Ghosh, nd) Besides that, company has to be very particular on legal consequences because it may lead to discrimination charge if the company did not aware of word used when posting the advertisement online. There is one example for Disney world, which was sued for screening applicants’ resumes by using the keywords preferred for Whites. (Ghosh, nd) As online recruitment became a trend, more and more applicants joined and apply for vacancy. The vast pool of candidates does benefits recruiters but also lead disadvantage to them. This is because they have to sit down and do a lot of deep scanning database. They might not view all the candidates which may miss out some of the best potential candidates as they might randomly choose candidates. As a result, applicants face more competition. Ghosh, nd) Furthermore, organisations face some non-serious candidates. Quite a number of candidates post their resumes just to know their employment value. Recruiters could not check whether the candidates are serious in applying job or not. When call for interview, recruiters just realised that candidates are not serious and not interested to join their company. By that time, the recruiters have r ejected some serious applicants. (Gosh, nd) The last drawback is disclosure of information. Candidate’s resumes and organisation profile are available to public. Some candidates who are still working do not want their present employer to know that they are looking for a change. Some of candidates’ particulars such as address, phone number has brought to many security problems. In addition, organisations do not want their competitors know their current situation. (Ghosh, nd) To make e-recruitment more effective, there are some criteria. Firstly we must benefit the selection procedure. Company should consider about different factors to make the procedure effective. Company should analyse and compare the costs and its risks by using return on investment (ROI). It helps to estimate the return and evaluate the benefits to company. Company should have change management, is to adapt market changes by making policy proactive and flexible. Company should provide guidelines in the policy. As the whole e-recruitment process depends on the availability of candidates in the market, company should consider market labour rate and unemployment rate. Recruiter should not spend too much of time to do screening, choosing candidates because this rates will decide whether to be lenient or stringent. Ghosh, nd) Moreover, recruiter should consider the impact of providing compensation information. He or she should follow legal norms when disclose information such as salary, wage and benefit. Candidates should not be given chances for negotiation. Besides, competitors would know the compensation rate of company. When screening resume, recruiter must take precautions. He or she must avoid using key words that discriminate race, religion, and gender. For example, ‘recent’ university graduates only in an ad are not preferable. Besides, recruiter should keep updating so that the candidates know the results and changes, otherwise it will not serve any purpose. (Ghosh, nd) Come to the modern impacts of e-recruitment, one of these is speedy communication. Management and staff can communicate with each other though the blogs. So, blogs, vodcasts, podcasts can be added as a tool in e-recruitment. Vodcasts are video podcasts while podcasts are digital media files services. As a result, recruiters cannot blame of being one way communication such as faxes and mails. Secondly, candidates today can choose the company which is not only look at the financial state but culture. In past experience, employers had privilege to be selective in recruitment process, especially in screening candidates’ resumes which were not fair to candidates. Therefore, image will not influence candidates to apply for company. Next, the number of popularity of search engine ads has increased, which resulting printed ads are phasing out, as pay-per-click is very attractive and convenient. Finally, job board is holding RRS feed, one of it is Google. For those who do not have any job site, Google offers them to post the jobs on Google Base. This is a group of web feed formats to publish updated works regularly, such as news headline, blog entries in standard format. (Ghosh, nd) In conclusion, traditional practises should not be replaced by online recruitment. It should be made as an enhancement. Online recruitment can be included by traditional practises and recruitment process will be speed up, globalise due to e-recruitment. We should make it as supplement, because both traditional and online are useful. When only three vacancies and three candidates available in organisations do not have much choice, hence companies prefer to broaden their search and attract a lot of applications. However, when company received two thousands applications for three vacancies, recruiters are not possible to do in depth screening process. While internal search is effective for a method such as campus interview, but without internet, interaction with candidates becomes time consuming when receiving application in hand. Of course, there are other concerns which companies need take into account, example like managing staff expectations. Recruiter can receive all applications electronically, even overnight. Overall, online systems offer major advantages in terms of improved efficiency, cost saving, and recruiter and candidate satisfaction. References: †¢ BusinessDictionary. com. (2009) Human Resource Management (HRM). [online] Available at: http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/human-resource-management-HRM. html (Accessed: 1 December 2009) BusinessDictionary. com. (2009) Recruitment [online] Available at: http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/recruitment. html (Accessed: 1 December 2009) †¢ Bayt. com. (2009) The Benefits of Online recruitment [online] Available at: http://www. bayt. com/en/career-article-1121/ (Accessed: 2 December 2009) †¢ Ghosh, Arundhati. (nd) E- Recruitment: The Recent Trend of Recruitment Practices [online] Available at: http://www. 123oye. com/j ob-articles/business-corporates/e-recruitment. htm (Accessed: 2 December 2009) Online Recruitment According to BusineeDictionary. com, â€Å"Human Resource Management includes activities such as human resources planning, recruitment, selection, orientation, training, appraisal, motivation and remuneration. It aims at developing people through work. † In human resource management, recruitment is one of the most important processes in an organisation. According to BusinessDictionary. com, â€Å"recruitment is a course of action of discovering and employing best eligible applicant, whether external or internal organisation, for a job position in a most suitable and cost effective way. There are different types of job recruitment, such as online recruitment and advertisement recruitment. In the 21st century, many of the organisations using online recruitment to search the best candidate for company, as the internet have transformed job hunting and recruitment. There are few types of online recruitment. One of the methods is professional websites. Example of professional websi te is www. shrm. org, where some candidates who are searching for human resources job go into that site. They have specific professions, skills and not general in nature. The second type is employer website. It can be developed by different employers or can be company own website. One example is www. directemployers. com, which is the first supportive, company owned online recruitment set up by Direct Employers Association. The last type is job board. Job seekers become aware of the vacancies where the recruiters post jobs and search for candidates. Example of job board is www. jobstreet. com. (Gosh, nd) In fact, there are still many other methods of online recruitment. Online recruitment has advantages and disadvantages in helping organisation for recruitment and selection. It has made more efficient on the employment process for every large and small organisation. For those companies who are still using paper applications have practised to use internet for important sections of the hiring process. The first benefit would be the reduce time for hiring. Online recruitment, is also called e-recruitment has enable a manager to have an immediate real-time communication and for everyday and every hour in job search activity. For example, a manager can post a vacancy in a very short time on a career site such as jobstreet. com without imitation. He or she can receive resumes in response immediately. In online job advertisement, the posting normally stays in available status for as long as one month and keeps on to receive candidates’ resumes as job seekers come across it. As compared with the traditional practises, job advertisement in newspaper or journal may take about one week or later but not only for one day. Therefore, employer has to wait till t he end of month to receive the responses by applicants, especially for those who need immediate vacancy and special areas industry. Bayt. com, 2009) According to Bayt. com, hiring in e-recruitment gives 70% faster than traditional recruitment practises, and the cycle of recruiting is speeded up at every process of posting, which is to receive applicant’s resumes and filter the information and call for interview. The second benefit of e-recruitment is cost effective. We need money to advertise the job vacancy in newspaper or journal, and this is not cheap for the advertisement. While the online posting is much cheaper as compared with traditional practises. According to bayt. com, the company post online to a job site such as www. bayt. com would be charged only USD250, which would be more cost-saving than the cost of job advertisement in newspaper or journal publication or the 30% of annual incomes that many personnel managers charge. Bayt. com shows a study that the costs of posting vacancy and searching for candidates on job vacancies can be up to 90% lower than the costs of adapting traditional search agencies and advertising practises. (Bayt. com, 2009) Third benefit is wider reach for manager. The information of traditional practises are normally restricted by industry, geography, career lever or other limitations while the e-recruitment can have recent and active talent databases that cover all industries, regions, and career levels. The company spent much to make sure the databases are varied, regular updated, relevant and best quality as they need to keep advertising in newspaper for changing, updating information. However, e-recruitment teams can ensure that the portals are always easily viewed by relevant applicants and are visited by the target job seekers which can easily reach to the manager. Bayt. com, 2009) Next benefit would be the wider reach for applicants. The candidates gain benefits from the wider span through internet job sites. With the click of a mouse, they are able to access different types of jobs in different companies, locations and even salaries. They can reach the company faster as they are easily contacted for interview opportunities by just send ing their resumes online. (Bayt. com, 2009) E-recruitment offers some screening or filtering tools which enable recruiters to immediately work on the right applicant using many categories on a site such as jobstreet. om, which including locations of residence, qualifications, education backgrounds, skills and past experience and employer. The process of e-recruiting and selecting good quality applicants is very efficient. This technology works by automated search engine which is set up to find the databases. For example employer can key in some of the requirements then the result would match with the candidates’ resumes. (Bayt. com. 2009) In online recruitment, company usually would set up a page like company profile or history for the candidates to view on it. Through this, employers can use this to create company brand and values to prospective job seekers. Therefore, applicants would make decision on applying that job as they have an idea about company they work for. (Bayt. com, 2009) Furthermore, through internet, recruiter can manage whole recruitment process from one mean, which enable recruiter to advertise vacancies, receive resumes, screen, contact applicants, track activities in internet. Therefore, the paper work is reduced. On the other side, the job seekers can also view their application progress at every step of recruitment process. This enhanced user experience for both job seekers and recruiters. In addition, both job seekers and recruiters can opt to maintain their confidentiality. For example, applicants can post their resumes online while keeping their names and current company’s name privately. Same thing to recruiters, they can choose to search databases without posting a job position if the vacancy nature is sensitive, and they can post a job vacancy while keeping their company name privately. Employers can also build up database, save high potential or attractive resumes from present applicants for future use. Bayt. com, 2009) Moreover, the manager has full control over the recruitment process through online recruitment, which enables direct contact with candidates which does not need a middle person to do the selection, filtering, and assessment. (Bayt. com, 2009) This is because recruiter can choose the best candidate through their details in resume and match with the position, which does not n eed so much of red tape. E-recruitment has brought so many benefits to organisations, as well as job seekers. Apart from its benefit, e-recruitment has quite a few drawbacks to the organisations. First of all, e-recruitment benefits for only applicants who knew internet knowledge. The process is limited to those computer savvy applicants. For those who know the use of internet, they have no problem to search different job websites, do screening, keywords, updating information. Therefore, it brings no benefit for those who do not know to use online job site. (Ghosh, nd) Besides that, company has to be very particular on legal consequences because it may lead to discrimination charge if the company did not aware of word used when posting the advertisement online. There is one example for Disney world, which was sued for screening applicants’ resumes by using the keywords preferred for Whites. (Ghosh, nd) As online recruitment became a trend, more and more applicants joined and apply for vacancy. The vast pool of candidates does benefits recruiters but also lead disadvantage to them. This is because they have to sit down and do a lot of deep scanning database. They might not view all the candidates which may miss out some of the best potential candidates as they might randomly choose candidates. As a result, applicants face more competition. Ghosh, nd) Furthermore, organisations face some non-serious candidates. Quite a number of candidates post their resumes just to know their employment value. Recruiters could not check whether the candidates are serious in applying job or not. When call for interview, recruiters just realised that candidates are not serious and not interested to join their company. By that time, the recruiters have r ejected some serious applicants. (Gosh, nd) The last drawback is disclosure of information. Candidate’s resumes and organisation profile are available to public. Some candidates who are still working do not want their present employer to know that they are looking for a change. Some of candidates’ particulars such as address, phone number has brought to many security problems. In addition, organisations do not want their competitors know their current situation. (Ghosh, nd) To make e-recruitment more effective, there are some criteria. Firstly we must benefit the selection procedure. Company should consider about different factors to make the procedure effective. Company should analyse and compare the costs and its risks by using return on investment (ROI). It helps to estimate the return and evaluate the benefits to company. Company should have change management, is to adapt market changes by making policy proactive and flexible. Company should provide guidelines in the policy. As the whole e-recruitment process depends on the availability of candidates in the market, company should consider market labour rate and unemployment rate. Recruiter should not spend too much of time to do screening, choosing candidates because this rates will decide whether to be lenient or stringent. Ghosh, nd) Moreover, recruiter should consider the impact of providing compensation information. He or she should follow legal norms when disclose information such as salary, wage and benefit. Candidates should not be given chances for negotiation. Besides, competitors would know the compensation rate of company. When screening resume, recruiter must take precautions. He or she must avoid using key words that discriminate race, religion, and gender. For example, ‘recent’ university graduates only in an ad are not preferable. Besides, recruiter should keep updating so that the candidates know the results and changes, otherwise it will not serve any purpose. (Ghosh, nd) Come to the modern impacts of e-recruitment, one of these is speedy communication. Management and staff can communicate with each other though the blogs. So, blogs, vodcasts, podcasts can be added as a tool in e-recruitment. Vodcasts are video podcasts while podcasts are digital media files services. As a result, recruiters cannot blame of being one way communication such as faxes and mails. Secondly, candidates today can choose the company which is not only look at the financial state but culture. In past experience, employers had privilege to be selective in recruitment process, especially in screening candidates’ resumes which were not fair to candidates. Therefore, image will not influence candidates to apply for company. Next, the number of popularity of search engine ads has increased, which resulting printed ads are phasing out, as pay-per-click is very attractive and convenient. Finally, job board is holding RRS feed, one of it is Google. For those who do not have any job site, Google offers them to post the jobs on Google Base. This is a group of web feed formats to publish updated works regularly, such as news headline, blog entries in standard format. (Ghosh, nd) In conclusion, traditional practises should not be replaced by online recruitment. It should be made as an enhancement. Online recruitment can be included by traditional practises and recruitment process will be speed up, globalise due to e-recruitment. We should make it as supplement, because both traditional and online are useful. When only three vacancies and three candidates available in organisations do not have much choice, hence companies prefer to broaden their search and attract a lot of applications. However, when company received two thousands applications for three vacancies, recruiters are not possible to do in depth screening process. While internal search is effective for a method such as campus interview, but without internet, interaction with candidates becomes time consuming when receiving application in hand. Of course, there are other concerns which companies need take into account, example like managing staff expectations. Recruiter can receive all applications electronically, even overnight. Overall, online systems offer major advantages in terms of improved efficiency, cost saving, and recruiter and candidate satisfaction. References: †¢ BusinessDictionary. com. (2009) Human Resource Management (HRM). [online] Available at: http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/human-resource-management-HRM. html (Accessed: 1 December 2009) BusinessDictionary. com. (2009) Recruitment [online] Available at: http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/recruitment. html (Accessed: 1 December 2009) †¢ Bayt. com. (2009) The Benefits of Online recruitment [online] Available at: http://www. bayt. com/en/career-article-1121/ (Accessed: 2 December 2009) †¢ Ghosh, Arundhati. (nd) E- Recruitment: The Recent Trend of Recruitment Practices [online] Available at: http://www. 123oye. com/j ob-articles/business-corporates/e-recruitment. htm (Accessed: 2 December 2009)

Life Changing Essay

In life, we all know something that has changed the way we perceive people and events. Most meaningful events that have changed our perception can be our experience that we have gone through and learned from. Life-changing experiences play an important role on our development. Whether adults or children, we are affected by our experience which could impact us immensely. Personally speaking, my previous experience have affected me significantly. One is my first job experience, the other is my first-time experience of living in a brand-new country. Firstly, my first job experience greatly affected me. I remember that I was working at a Taiwanese restaurant. It was a really busy restaurant with five to eight employees. My manager told me that being a good waiter, it is important to smile and have a good attitude. I was not doing a great job on my first day of work. I was not really happy, because I made a lot of mistake, including messing up customer’s orders, no smiling, and a bad service attitude. I was judged by my manager. However, I believed that practice would lead to improvement and I never gave up, keep learning and practicing the working skills. After that, I became a mature and efficient waiter. In addition to above experience, communication and co-operation are also what I learned on my job. For example, when I served my customers for the first time, I was too shy to talk. But the most important thing for a waiter to know about is customers’ needs and expectations. Lack of communication with customers will not achieve this. After working for one month, I learned how to communicate with my customers. Furthermore, co-operation between co-workers is also important. I learned how to work with other waitresses/waiters and understood more about teamwork. For instance, my manager would allocate the tasks to us and every waitress/waiter needs to be aware of his/her responsibilities. The most difficult moment of co-operation is during the business hours, because employees need to be more understanding of each other. Secondly, living in a new country is my other significant experience. I lived in England for two years. When I first arrived in England, I lived with a host family in Oxford. Language and unfamiliarity with the city are the biggest problems that I faced. My most unforgettable moment is my first day of going to school in Oxford. I could not speak English and I felt lost in a new area. At that moment, body language was my only tool to help me find my school. I still remember that I was thinking about taking a bus  school, but I didn’t know where the bus station was. I tried to use my body language to ask a passer-by. It was fortunate that a gentleman understood my body language and my school address. After that, he brought me to the school. My first experience in England positively affected me. Looking back, my first job experience made me grow up and come outgoing. It also taught me about work co-operation. Before my first job, I did not like talking, I was shy when I was talking to people. But now, I am never shy of talking. Moreover I can say that right now I understand more about how to co-operate with my people, because I learned on my first job. The advantage of my England’s experience is that I learned a new language, I became independent and my adaptability became stronger. Previously, I could not speak English, but now I can fundamentally communicate with people in English. Also, â€Å"living by yourself, supporting yourself, paying your bills, and having total freedom over your domain is truly life-changing. It changes your perspective on solitude — it’s nothing to be afraid of, and can be pretty great — and shows you that you are capable of managing things by yourself if the need ever arises.† ( from THOUGHT CATALOG, 7 life-changing experiences every girl deserves to have, BY SOPHIE MARTIN, Mar.11, 2014 ). I believe that when you travel to new country and live by yourself, it will definitely make you become independent. Lastly, my adaptability became stronger since I lived in England. A strong adaptability make me more easily integrate into a new environment. In conclusion, life changing experiences are really important to us. In my case, my first job experience and my first-time experience of living in a brand-new country are what led to change in my life. Co-operation skills, independence, adaptability and language skills are what I learned. Obviously, people can definitely learn something through their life experience. These experiences are our life lessons that lead to our future.

A study on Key Leadership Qualities of a Project Manager

Origin of the Report This report idea was initiated by the honorable course instructor of ‘Project Management' as a part of course completion of MBA program at the Institute of Business Administration, Gangrening University. Specific guidelines were provided by the instructor to conduct the study for academic purpose. 1. Objectives of the Report The primary objective of the study was to fulfill the requirement of the course module as per the guideline by the instructor that leads to attaining the following specific objectives. Identify and evaluate the project performance in terms of time, cost and performance. Identify different key aspects of the project manager's characteristics that influence the project success. 1. 3 Methodology This report has been developed in context of exploratory research.To prepare this report, both qualitative and quantitative methods have been used. Personal interview with the project manager with the help of a semi structured questionnaire was key instrument. Therefore the sample size was comprised of one single individual, the project manager. Personal observation has been one of the key methods that applied o analyze the data accumulated. 1. 4 Source of Data Both primary and secondary data have been used for analysis in this report. The data sources are described as follows. 1. 4. Primary Data Semi structured questionnaire interview with the project manager was conducted where different aspects of the project were mentioned and asked about to evaluate the specific aspects of project accomplishment in terms of meeting the quality standards required. Moreover a structured questionnaires based on five point scale was used to evaluate the project manager's leadership role in accomplishing the project successfully. 1. . 2 Secondary Data The secondary data was collected from the website of related entities.Some previous publications and Journals in the related field have been used as a guideline to develop the context. 1. 5 Scop e of the Report This report was an outcome of extensive group work that will provide guidelines for future related works. As the work was unique in nature and the aspect is specific, it is expected to provide a guideline for the evaluation of performance of a project and the project manager in future. 1. 6 Limitations Different limitations were tackled during the report preparation and the collection of ATA.Some of them include, Limited time to prepare the whole report Facing difficulties to manage the appointment with the project manager As the project was accomplished earlier team members were spitted and not available together Getting the financial was another challenge as per the restrictions by the policy of the parent organization Chapter 2: The Project Details 2. 1 The Project Detail 2. 1. 1 Construction of the MACH Building Dacha Shania Mission as part of the total project took the initiative in 2001 to open a Cancer detection & Treatment Center at Murmur, Dacha.In course of its progress it is owe a 42 bed Cancer Hospital with required operation facilities, Chemotherapy, X-Ray and Imaging facilities. A team of experienced and dedicated cancer specialists and general physicians are working there to provide health service at a reasonably low cost. Here free services are offered to poor and ultra – poor patients. In the year 2008 the hospital continues to provide health care services, specially to cancer patients, with some additional facilities. Ultimately the dream materialized into reality and a plan was made to construct a 500 bed Cancer Hospital at a staggering cost of 2. 56 billion take (SIS$ 36. 7 million). The thirteen story hospital designed by a US based architectural firm â€Å"Design Alliance f Baltimore†, got started its construction with foundation laid by the then Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Begum Chalked Aziza, on 10th July 2004 on a 3 acre land at the bank of the river Tutor in Attar Model Town in the Capital. The location is about 5 Km from Aziza International Airport and the construction in full gear started on 16th July 2005. This 450,000 square feet 13 storied hospital is expected to open in late 2009 with about 200 inpatient beds, Outpatient department with about 40 Examination/consultation Rooms, Medical Imaging,Pathology, Surgical Suite, Radiotherapy Department, non-international Cardiac and Neuron Diagnostics, Day Care and the requisite support services. By 2010 all 500 beds are expected to be operational. At that time, based on beneficial utilization, Shania Mission Cancer & General Hospital is projected to provide over 160,000 days of inpatients care and cater to over 180,000 outpatients annually saving approximately SIS$ 13 million annually. 30% services of the hospital will be available free for the poor patients. DAM is raising funds from general public as well as from the corporate sector.There are special provisions for potential donors to sponsor sundry components of the hospital. One can donate to have in his/her own name or dear one's name to name a bed/beds, a ward/wards, a cabin/cabins, operation theatres. There are specified rates for each type of dedicated areas of inscription which will be inscribed distinctly as per wish of the donor. Keeping in line with Dacha Shania Mission's dedication to Divine and Humanitarian services Shania Mission Cancer and General Hospital will be a big leap forward to provide service to humanity by redressing the suffering of the ailing patients, especially cancer patients.International Hospital Group (GIG), a I-J based consulting firm with vast experience in medical equipment consultancy has been entrusted with the Job to furnish the equipment schedule IEEE equipments and furniture plan floor and room wise of AMIGA to cater to the need and suitability of the patients and users. Considering the huge cost of modern quality treatment for cancer and our commitment to provide with poor and needy patients 30% treatment facilities f ree of cost, deep thought has been given to make Shania Mission Cancer and General Hospital a viable and cost- effective project with the motto of ‘No-profit-No-Loss'.Due consideration has also been given to the point that some cancer patients will come with other diseases which will need to be treated at the same hospital for practical reason. Also considering the reality to keep specialist doctors including ambitious and career conscious young doctors there is possibly no other alternative other than opting for building a Medical College in future. In consideration of this vital factors, provision for general treatment facilities have been kept at AMIGA. Moreover, there is a plan to establish a Nursing Institute in future. Building on the ideas of the founder SuffixSaint Hazard Khan Buddha Channels (Ramshackle Awhile), Dacha Shania Mission embarked on establishing a modern cancer hospital where world-class treatment will be available. Shania Mission Cancer and General Hospit al is one of major projects to fight cancer in Bangladesh. So far, super-structures of thirteen storey plus two basements of this fifteen-storey hospital building have been completed. The construction of Radiotherapy Vault and other essential works are now going on for inaugurating the first phase of the hospital with 160 beds by the end of 2013.However, the POD, Radiation Therapy Unit, Day Care Centre and Diagnostic Facilities have been scheduled to start functioning at the end of 2012. Location Plot#3, Sector # 10, Embankment Driveway Attar Model Town, Dacha-1230, Bangladesh. Land Area 3 Acres Project Cost US$. 47. 29. O Gob. Approval Obtained Architect Design Alliance, 1921 York Road, Baltimore, MD 21093 USA Email:[email  protected] Com Cons. Period 2005- 201 5 Started July, 2005 Expected Completion Phase I with 175 beds by end 2013 and complete with 500 beds in 2015.The POD, Radiation Therapy Unit, Day Care Centre and Diagnostic Facilities have been scheduled to start function ing at the end of 2012. A modern cancer care hospital building is under construction at present. The building has been designed by Architect Mr. Tare Lam, a professional hospital architect registered in the USA . 2. 2 Overview of the Construction Company The project was accomplished by Associated Builders Corporation (BBC) Limited, a private limited company established in 1972, which designs and constructs industrial projects, bridges, Jetties, harbor, roads and buildings of all types.The company has gained considerable reputation in tackling Civil Engineering Projects which require peccadillo experience and up-to-date technical knowledge in the respective field since its incorporation. 2. 2 The Project Budget and Actual Cost Chapter 3: Evaluation of the Overall Project Performance 3. 1 Analysis of Background and Scheduling Ultimately the dream materialized into reality and a plan was made to construct a 500 bed Cancer Hospital at a staggering cost of 2. 56 billion take (SIS$ 36. 97 million). The thirteen story hospital designed by a US based architectural firm â€Å"Design Alliance f Baltimore†.The location is about 5 Km from Aziza International Airport and he construction in full gear started on 16th July 2005. This 450,000 square feet 13 storied hospital To construct such a large project Shania Mission needed an expert constructor who has experience in such large public project. In 2009 Shania Mission asked for open tender for the project where most of the country's largest Civil Constructors Joined. By evaluating the proposal the project goes to Associated Builders Corporation Ltd (BBC) for the Civil Contract. The Contract was awarded in two phase. First, one was the construction of basement and first 4 stories.And the est. of the 13 stories of the building were constructed in the second phase. The electrical and wiring was also included in the project. 3. 2 Evaluation the Project in terms of Cost This section should provide a comparison of the actu al costs of the external consultancy with the agreed contract value. Where there is a variation (upwards or downwards) between agreed contract value and actual costs DIP must be informed. In cases where the actual cost exceeds the cost approved by DIP an explanation must also be provided. Initial Approval Cost BIT. 650000000 Contract Award Cost BIT. 800000000 Actual Cost BIT. 00000000 Percentage Variation between Contract Award Cost & Actual Cost 38% Explanation of variation in costs The reason behind the over running the initial planned cost was due to change of the price of material most notably Steel, Rod, Cement and other raw material for the construction project. The reason behind increased steel price was due to global over demand of steel because of Beijing Olympic. The cost over running created a hamper in project progress. The cost proposal had to be overwritten and renegotiated. This also created budget deficit for Shania Mission as well profit minimization of BBCCorporati on Limited. 3. 3 Evaluation the Project in terms of Performance 3. 3. 1 Assessment of Deliverables This section should provide detail on what was delivered by the consultants. The extent to which projected deliverables, as outlined in the Terms of Reference, were met by the consultants, and the quality should be assessed. On behalf of Shania Mission a project in-charge was appointed whose Job was to monitor and supervise the construction project as a overall basis. His Job actually was limited to Consultancy and supervision On behalf of BBC a project Engineer is appointed.He has the executive duties of overall project. Apart from technical aspects, he had to oversee costing human resource management inside the project. The assessment of project used to take place week wise. Upon the approval of Shania Mission engineer Bill is paid monthly basis. 3. 3. 2 Assessment of Benefits The original date of completing the project was revised several times mainly because of the funding issues o n behalf of Shania Mission. Reasons of delays usually occurred due to payment issues. Apart from that some tactical delays at engineering works were not uncommon.Both cases the responsible party has to adjust the agitation The purpose originally intended the consultancy assignment were to do the Job efficiently and effectively. Because of the BBC Construction Limiter's effective role the contract was extended for second phase. Chapter 4: Analysis of the Project Manager's Leadership Role 4. 1 The Role of Project Manager in Contemporary Organizations In brief we need to understood project monitoring role of the PM. Actually, the role & responsibilities of a Project Manager is little complex and needs to be explained elaborately in clear terms for each project.Let us list down few important roles & responsibilities of a Project Manager. * The Project Manager is the person responsible for managing the project. *The Project Manager is the person responsible for accomplishing the project objectives within the constraints of the project. He is responsible for the outcome (success or failure) of the project. *The Project Manager is involved with the planning, controlling and monitoring, and also managing and directing the assigned project resources to best meet project objectives. The Project Manager controls and monitors â€Å"triple scope, time and cost(quality also)-?in managing competing project requirements. The Project Manager examines the organizational culture and determines whether project management is recognized as a valid role with accountability and authority for managing the project. *The Project Manager collects metrics data(such as baseline, actual values for costs, schedule, work in progress, and work completed) & reports on project progress and other project specific information to stakeholders. *The Project Manager is responsible for identifying, monitoring, and responding to risk. The Project Manager is responsible to the project stakeholders for delivering a project's objectives within scope, schedule, cost, and quality. *The reporting structure of a Project Manager depends on organizational structure. He may reports to a Functional Manager or to a Program Manager. In a bit exaggerating terms, Project Manager is the ‘God' of his project and he is the one who decides the success of the project. 4. 2 Criteria of a Successful Project Manager 4. 2. 1 Leadership Leadership is identified separately from management, as leadership is more of a personality trait whereas management is a learned skill.I recognize this is not a common view as many people and companies espouse courses in teaching adhering. Here, I am identifying people who can motivate others as projects are long endeavors, which invariably have points where the success of the project falls to the project manager who can keep the team motivated and get them past the sticky problems observed on nearly every project. MS also have to instill confidence in both their teams and the manager(s) to whom they report. As stated before, projects are long and difficult endeavors, which have plenty of challenges.When these challenges arise, MS who are able to maintain the confidence of all interested parties have more success. When the confidence in the PM is shaken, executives tend to provide additional assistance to the teams that is a sure sign of lost confidence and adds additional effort to the project. The group of engineers will operate independently producing a fragmented solution. People in general bring a set of implicit assumptions. These assumptions are not typically in the forefront of their minds but exist due to their life experiences both personally and professionally.These assumptions then drive the set of solutions they are able to envision. When a PM is able to identify these implicit assumptions, validate their relevancy to the unique project, then challenge them if need be, better solutions to problems are identified. These better so lutions may be quicker and less risky to implement, require fewer resources or less highly skilled resources, or have a better impact on the business. Leading refers to carrying out the project plan in order to achieve the project objectives. Leading the project is one of the more challenging aspects for new project managers because it involves a lot of â€Å"soft skills. Skills such as communicating clearly, team motivation, and conflict resolution. Some key duties for eating projects include, Setting team direction Coordinating activities across different organizational functions Motivating team members Assigning work personality trait whereas management is a learned skill. I recognize this is not a the business. 4. 2. 2 Management Skills On all projects, there is a finite amount of administration that occurs and this to me is the management of the project. The management component of project or program management requires multiple skills as well as traits.The traits include the ability to organize. Projects inherently have lots of moving parts from end users and pompons with thoughts, to technicians who have commercial applications to configure or code to write, to test teams and configuration managers who have plans and backbend support systems to bring on line. All of these disparate groups must be brought together and coordinated so the project can move forward and eventually complete. The ability to organize the multiple teams is a personality trait inherent is successful program and project managers.We also have to organize at a deeper level when dealing with the technology. The task of building a Work Breakdown Structure WEBS) is a feat in organization when done well. Not only do business and technical executives have to understand both the strategy and tasking but also the technicians who will perform the work. Laying out a structure that is understood by both disparate sets of people is difficult at best. Now include the capability to track progres s in a meaningful way for both groups and the need for deep organizing trait is paramount.Closely related is the ability to plan, to foresee how a project will come together. Planning also includes what deliverables are needed, how and when to evolve test plans, how many test plans are needed, what metrics are needed, and which resources execute which tasks in conjunction with each other. All of these are unique to each situation as the Statement of Work (SOW) or Project Charter is unique as well as the scope undertaken and the resources assigned to the project. The ability to manage both your own time and the time of those working for you is critical.Projects have so many distractions making it very easy to head down a rabbit hole that derails the project. These typically happen during the development phases but can also occur at any phase. Contrary to popular belief, the highest risk time off project is the beginning and not the end. Many times I use an analogy of catching a wave for a surfer. This is analogous to setting the scope and planning phases off project. Once you catch the wave, the time to the beach is out of your hands as the wave is going at its own speed.You can make some moves that will have some impact on the timing but the base timing is already defined. Successful project managers take their time in planning and resist the temptation to get starting developing because time is short. Each project has numerous options on how to approach the work. It is this approach which is analogous to catching the right wave, that has the most dramatic impact on project timing and success. Setting the priorities for individuals and managing to those priorities becomes a main activity during the majority of the project. This requires the PM to handle multiple tasks at the same time.The moment the first task is delegated, the PM is multi-tasking. If an individual tries to handle all tasks themselves, a project of any size is at risk. On a typical commercial software implementation, I will have the following threads open: ) software configuration, 2) interface development, 3) conversion or data migration development, 4) custom software development, 5) communication with sponsors, 6) communications with consulting company management and sales, 7) project tracking and monitoring, and 8) potentially open core product issues or enhancement.The ability to manage your time, multi-task, and manage the team's time is a critical skill. All projects include the use of teams. These teams include resources for which the PM has direct responsibility and other resources for which the PM does not have responsibility. All of these teams must come together and work toward the common goal of completing the project. The team will consist of not only these individuals but also the managers of the matrixes resources as they potentially have competing goals. The ability to create and motivate teams becomes a determining factor in the success of Ms. . 2. 3 Co mmunication Skills The ability to communicate in both written and verbal form both up and down the management chain is a widely known required skill. In the previous paragraphs and going forward the implication of communication skills Jumps off the page. Let me delve into a couple of areas that are not as widely held. The first is with whom MS communicate. I have mentioned the need to discuss topics with business and technical leaders as well as the technicians but what is also needed is the ability to define or clarify technical or business problems to the opposite group.Many times on a project I will come across a particularly difficult technical issue that either impacts the dates or is a risk to those dates. Naturally, both the technical and business leaders want to understand the problem. Given it is a technical issue in his case, discussing technical issues with technical people is easier than helping a business leader understand why the web application crashes because of Java Virtual Machine OVUM) Heap is exhausted and why this is a problem given the SCOFF Just spend dollars increasing the memory on the application server.These are important topics for them to understand as well as the opposite. Helping the technicians understand why a good technical solution has dire consequences for the business side of the house. MS are also knowledge conduits. They should ensure that information from one team gets to all the other teams that need it. As project schedules get tight and the tension begins to increase, many people naturally focus on their tasks at hand to become more efficient and get their work done. A great thing for that individual task but what happens when the other teams need information from this one group and cannot get it.The other tasks naturally fall behind so the project falls behind. The PM that stays in touch with what all groups are going and moves the information between groups can more effectively keep all tasks moving and avoids disco nnects when the â€Å"right† hand is not talking to the â€Å"left† hand. 4. 2. Foresight and Vision Some people have the innate ability to see the future. I am not talking about crystal balls or palm readers but a sense for the direction the project is headed and the ability to see risks and envision how all the elements of a project will come together in the end.I alluded to this concept in the planning section and it applies here as well. In conjunction with planning is the skill of defining goals for individuals that are in sync with the plan. In my post, â€Å"Staying on Schedule†, I spoke about intermediate milestones and mint-crisis as a mechanism for maintaining a schedule. The ability to foresee, define, and articulate these goals goes a long way toward staying on schedule and being successful. Risk management is a key aspect of successful projects and is in many instances not well received as an integral part off project.In many organizations and as an attempt to manage time, organizations only deal with issues and not risks. Many times, I have highlighted risks to be told we will deal with it when it becomes a problem. The personality trait to envision a risk and the capability to address the risk are key elements to success. 4. 2. 5 Pragmatic As MS we are constantly in the situation of making choices. Usually all day is spent making trade off choices between competing forces. There are times when we have to make a choice a deliverable is good enough, not perfect but good enough as it meets the business objectives.The prime example comes when dealing with the speed at which application pages are rendered. I routinely hear from end users and sponsors that I want the page to be as fast as possible. From a conceptual standpoint, this makes sense as speed of page rendering translates into efficiency of workers and eventually money. Fast as possible does not mean get 6 Cray super computers for my solution or that I want sub second re sponse time on a page that is making two web service calls and returning a three table Join query.Clearly, neither is going to happen. What was meant was to increase the speed until it reaches a good balance between cost, time and speed. This is not a straightforward decision. The technician would ask for the performance requirements so they know the solution to build; the businessperson wants a reasonable cost so the PM is in the position to determine what is good enough. The balance point falls to the PM and ragtime is key. Conflict is also a common occurrence on projects.It can be between two technicians, the test team, developers, the business people, etc. The ability to work through issues and even decide on what issues to engage is something critical to success. People can be passionate about what they believe in so getting past these points of contention whether it be negotiating a resolution, facilitating the discussion or deciding which battles to fight becomes important to success. 4. 2. 6 Can do attitude In our world, there are people whose glass is half full and those whose glass is half empty.The perspective on adversity, challenges, and dealing with people GAO long way toward success in a work environment that typically includes strict deadlines, changing requirements, heavy budget pressure and big business impacts when the project does not go well. A can do and positive attitude is a personality trait that serves MS well dealing with adversity, the high-pressure situations, team building, and leadership. Finding this personality trait in a person serves them well in the profession of Program and Project Management.In addition to the above list of skills ND traits, I would add a personality trait of cool and thoughtful under pressure. Projects are intense, long, and difficult activities that have periods of time when the PM is under significant pressure due to impending deadlines, difficult issues, etc. People are also very passionate and so the PM is typically under a lot of pressure and must be able to think on their feet and remain thoughtful during the intense times. It is these times when PM can easily lose the confidence of management or their teams, lose control of scope, or any number of other occurrences that negatively impact the project. . 2. 7 Disqualifications There are three inputs above that would not agree with: 1. Being completely obsessed with the Client. Client focus to a degree is a very good thing. In situations where the project manager is also managing a team and a contract then a proper balance between these many times competing agendas enables the project manager to not only meet the client goals but also individual and company goals. In these situations, the project manager has multiple people and organizations to which they report and must meet he goals of each individual and organization simultaneously to be successful. . Being an extrovert Due to the need for extensive interaction with people, e xtroverts typically have these skills inherently. Individuals who straddle the introvert/extrovert category can also be successful as they can communicate and operate in the people centric situations. Strict introverts who prefer to work alone and on individual tasks will struggle in the PM role. 3. Displaying personal courage (lead from the front) In my previous post, we discuss the relative timing of leading from the front and jack.Different situations dictate assuming each style so both are needed and not just leading from the front. The personality traits and skills needed for project managers to be successful are varied. When interviewing PM candidates and identifying internal candidates for a PM role, these people centric traits and skills seems far more influential factors in the success of PM. What may be interesting to many people is the lack of technical expertise as a main contributor to success. Certainly, technical and business expertise is needed for a project to be su ccessful